Assuntos
Prêmio Nobel , Fisiologia/história , França , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A short historical review from the early days of neuroendocrinology is presented recognizing hormones secreted by the pituitary gland; control of its functions by nuclei of the hypothalamus through the release of unknown substances in special capillary vessels; characterization of these releasing factors as peptides; studies of their mode of action; their use in clinical medicine; new and still ongoing demonstration of their ubiquity though not random in the brain and peripheral organs; and recent implications in control of behavior in animals and humans.
Assuntos
Sistemas Neurossecretores , HumanosAssuntos
Somatostatina/história , Animais , História do Século XX , Humanos , Neuropeptídeos/históriaAssuntos
Acromegalia/história , Hormônio do Crescimento/história , Hipófise/fisiopatologia , Acromegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Acromegalia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Fatores Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Hormônio do Crescimento/química , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , HumanosRESUMO
Originally searched for and eventually isolated as factors of hypothalamic origin controlling anterior pituitary secretions, these hypophysiotropic peptides are now a chapter of physiology and medical endocrinology of their own. Defying the concept of 'neuropeptides' they and their receptors are now known to be ubiquitous and to have subtle as well as profound effects on a large number of functions of both soma and psyche. This review will be composed of brief essays on current knowledge of each of the original 'hypothalamic hormones', TRH, GnRH, somatostatin, GHRH and corticotropin releasing hormone and will close on possible and probable futures.
Assuntos
Hormônios Hipotalâmicos/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Hormônio do Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Adeno-Hipófise/fisiologia , Somatostatina/fisiologia , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/fisiologiaRESUMO
This paper is a short review of the traditionally obvious diseases of neuroendocrine origin (diabetes insipidus, Kallman syndrome, etc.), but also of the newly recognized participation of several peptides originally characterized in the hypothalamus and of their receptors, in a series of diseases, both in internal medicine and in psychiatry (rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, carcinoids, anxiety, depression, etc.). The concept of neuropeptides is now vastly expanded, as these molecules and their several receptors are now known to be widely distributed throughout the brain and the periphery with increasing evidence of paracrine and autocrine modes of action.
